Marriage and Family Life Experience

Introduction Marriage is derived from love despite its material necessity. However, the United States marriages have been embellished by sexual desire which forms the basis for accomplishing love. Whereas marriage seemed to be determined by couples, many factors including social norms usually come into play. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marriage and Family: Life Experience specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Basically, love is the sole architect of the glorification and justification of marriages. As a result of marriages, the most sublime and useful institution dubbed as family is embedded. Families serve as the central and essential education pillars. This implies that mating is the only way to self perpetuate in marriage and it is subjected to degrees of personal indulgence. Thus, home building through marriage is largely a self maintenance matter implying societal evolution. The societal groups emanate to be a makeup of the entire communal family entity. The individuals found within the society are considered planetary transitory factors. Hence, families work as mediums through which streams of understanding and customs are pouring from a given creation to the other. This paper critically analyzes personal life experiences in regards to issues confronting families and marriages in the USA. Transition in our family life and marriage Due to expressive and corporeal connections between a female and her progenies, a wife is bound to rely on a man or her husband. This pushes her into the matrimonial home or shelter safety. Thirty years ago, it was not the feeling of affection which compelled man to be engrossed in a matrimonial affair, but the desire for foodstuff that initially absorbed male allies to women and the safe haven they shared with the kids (Duncan Goddard, 2010). A simple USA family emerges when the affiliations between the mother and the kids are accepted. For instance, in e very family it is apparent that the association between a child and a mother is inbred, strong and natural. These have evidently inhibited women from undergoing through untold adversities and surrender to various strange circumstances. The compelling motherly love acts as the handicapping emotion that often positioned the USA family women into terrific drawbacks as they struggle with their husbands (Bethmann Kvasnicka, 2011). In situations where both maternal and paternal intuitions are overruling, it is exceptionally hard to hear that the family is let down by sacred obsessions, egotism and aspirations.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When a happily married US family works to avoid any antagonisms, the association becomes steadfast. Indeed, a collaborating family man and woman appear to be exceptionally better than three USA ladies or three gentlemen in assorted ways. However , in the US family, a wife is known to enhance and foster the wellbeing of her family members. It appears that the USA ladies might be compelled into matrimonial domiciles by the parenthood impulses. This implies that the customary laws and the higher might of a man encourage a lady to progressively stay put in her matrimony (Matheson Rosen, 2012). This argument originates from my marriage experiences where it was very hard to find a husband sharing the house chores with wife. Generally, a wife was left to carry out most duties including taking care of the children and accomplishing personal tasks. While it might be argued that the husband was the US family head, the position of the wife was hardly recognized when we first got married. This is where the society has gone wrong. This belief is inherent in us, and that those who seem to go against this norm are deemed to be deviant in the US. Most US families are staying together and living happily. In such families, a husband, a wi fe and children clearly understand one another. Not even a single person is considered to be with neither weird blends of anxious appeal and distrusts nor with derision and misgiving. This problem of kid-bearing is not any more observed by seeing the mother of the infant impure and unsafe. Despite being happily married to their dear husbands, the American women married nearly thirty years ago had no voices and freedoms in the families since families were controlled by men (Duncan Goddard, 2010). In fact, female companions could hardly defy visualizing unusual or healthier styles of subsistence. Family and marriage life in USA For over thirty years in our marital partnership, my wife has been the main source of labour at a determined disadvantage. However, in self perpetuation, we are a happily married couple with three kids. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marriage and Family: Life Experience specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The prevailing way of life in the United States has ensured that the wives are fairly rewarded for being in an obligatory maternity. Marriage and family institutions in the USA recognize sexual equality which is naturally hardly realized in other parts of the world. For example, a wife has ever tried to exercise her marriage rights but she does that at the discretion of the family. From my own experience, when a wife in the USA milieu pursues her marital rights without any cautions, the family is likely to breakup. The USA have laws that ensure women and children’s rights are protected. When your wife wants to divorce and the court warrants it, the consequential outcome is that the marriage will no longer exist. Still, the husband has to take care of the kids’ needs while a wife looks after the children until they are eighteen years (Liu Heiland, 2012). To shun such an occurrence throughout our marriage life, we have constantly strived to understand ourselves through regular and fearless consultations. In the USA, the conditional changes currently witnessed have liberated women from any kind of domestic slaveries. Just like their marriage male counterparts, American women are now liberated to determine their reproduction abilities and enjoy their marital statuses. As a family we had to sit down and agree that we will give birth to three children only. The decision was at our discretion. While incidences of family and marriage life oppressions are still present, our marriage and family life has considerably won the unintended and unconscious fight against economic and social oppression that other USA couples face in their marriages (Ramisch, 2012). During these thirty years of marriage, we have become enlightened individuals with exceptional family life experience but we constantly react against the inequitable mores governing both of us and our position in societal marriages. At times, we were forced to undergo crucial family tests as we continued to live. Family and marital life has considerably changed in the USA. When we got married, a man was perceived to be the head of the family, and in his absence the wife was expected to guide the family. This has brought about the belief that husbands and wives are equal race reproduction partners (Osborne, Berger Magnuson, 2012). Therefore, similar to the USA family man, a wife incessantly fights to foster her rights whilst in marriage. Regardless of this, within our family, both of us have endlessly maintained supremacy within own domains. This has been the founding stone for our happy co-existence and a 30-years marriage. We have shared responsibilities of raising our three children.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The kind of marriage partnership that exists between USA wives and husbands Just like any other marriage, the reproductive urge used to bring us together to self-perpetuate. Moreover, this enabled us to remain one thing in joint support to form a family and consequently a home. Nevertheless, in our family, we always embrace our personal interests. Despite marital barriers in the USA, we adjusted to work in harmony to ensure that our home is made. Nonetheless, to put up a glad house, we perceived marriage as a core foundation. It materialized as an opposed collaboration and expression that is routinely denoted by unending communal and lifelong links. We have not been able to evade any ensuing conflicts. We have never gone to an extent of having to divide our three kids or seeking a court divorce. Our problems are solved in-house. From a personal life experience, marriages among the USA families are sociological and not necessarily biological (Ramisch, 2011). As a result, it is the p assion that existed between us that ensured we came together. In our family, we appreciate that we are considered as two separate groups from similar species. In fact, our entire life responses and perspectives ensue to be totally divergent. For instance, in the early stages of our marriage, we were completely unable to really and fully comprehend one another. Whilst a married USA woman might have extra intuition in comparison to her husband, in a family situation the wife is rather less rational. However, in our family unit, the wife relentlessly appeared to be the head of religious activities and an honorable principal as well as customary holder. This implies that in our marriage and family life, the hands which rocked the home structure silently consorted with fortune (Wood et al., 2012). In essence, the differences in thinking, viewpoints, reactions and nature amid us have been considered very valuable. In our matrimony and family unit, we actually fancy one another be it in corporeal, saintly as well as in coronial life journey. Usually, as a married couple, our children and other family members we collectively rely on the solutions offered jointly to overcome assorted difficulties and mystifying universal problems (Matheson Rosen, 2012). Regardless of the fact that different sexes that make marriages to work hardly understand one another, our marriage life partners are well complementing. Although support appears to be less or more individually hostile, for over thirty years our marital affiliation has been able to reproduce and live together as a unit. The USA marriages act as institutions well premeditated to make up sex disparities. In the meantime, it insures race reproduction and affects the evolution continuance. Our family which is a kind of a human institution was born of marriage. This is because it directly gives rise to the foundation and protection of our home which form the structural USA societal base. Nevertheless, our family is esse ntially correlated to self maintenance mechanisms. It accrues to be the only race repute trust under the USA civilization mores. In our thirty years marital life, our family acts as the most effective provider of suitable self gratification. Therefore, while most American men derive mutual benefits from marriage, a family is a purely supreme accomplishment for any man (Bethmann Kvasnicka, 2011). The USA family and lifelong marital standards In USA matrimony, kids logically come as upshots of inbred sex-mating which sequentially makes a family to come out involuntarily. The existing society follows the ideals of a family. This denotes that a good society only comes as a result of good families. Conversely, for nearly thirty years of marital life, it is the nature of a wife to be concerned and adore her offsprings. This makes the family to merge and make wives the most anxious parties in backing-up the USA family units and matrimonial existence. Our matrimonial sexual affairs accru e naturally. However, our American marital life is often under the regulation of the family, courtliness, conceit, possessions and mores such as ethics, morals and religion (Lamanna Riedmann, 2008). Last, there are ebbs and flows in customs, the family-marriage association solidity similarly alters. Currently, USA marriages have gone ahead into the private phase from the previous material goods phase. When we initially came together, the wife had the protection of her husband given that a woman was perceived as the husband’s chattel. An American wife also had to obey her husband for similar bases. In spite of such a system’s merits, there was adequate family stability. Thirty years down the line, a wife is no longer considered a property in the USA. Despite this, our marital and family life has been stabilized through the prevailing customs. Irrespective of giving birth to three kids of different sexes, we would not have minded if they were all males or females. Fur thermore, the disciplining of our kids instigated at tender age and this made our children to be very obedient. In other marriages and families, children are protected from the ordinary costs of irrational behaviors and this has contributed to insubordination amongst the USA kids. Therefore, from personal life experience, civilized USA parents tend to assume most of their duties thus making children to believe that they have all the rights (Strong, DeVault Cohen, 2010). Kids revere their fathers and mothers because of the love, teaching and concern which obviously develop whilst family members support the offspring in their enduring encounter. Truly, our marriage and family experience has been effectively engaged in unremitting family ministry services that are meant for our children. Conclusion Marriage institutions in the USA evolve alongside novel socio-economic precepts. In fact, the lives of various families are very pricey whereas kids who happened to be families’ re sources are now considered fiscal liabilities. Thus far, the safety of the USA as society still hinges on the escalating enthusiasm of a single generation to actively devote resources to the prospective and next human generations. Family lives which consequently arise from marriages with children persist to be very simulative. Such a family proffers the genetic prolongation of mankind genus. In cheerfully married USA families, a budding kid seizes the blood-brotherhood principles which simply proceed from societal and ordinary ground, habitat. A family acts as the basic fraternity where kids and their parents learn leniency, open-mindedness and self-sacrifice as well as patience lessons. All these are imperative for the apprehension of brotherhood amongst family members. Therefore, when family life is enforced through strong marital associations, personalities are likely to be stabilized. However, true love among parents and children forms the basis of a good family. References Bet hmann, D. Kvasnicka, M. (2011). The institution of marriage. Journal of Population Economics, 24(3), 1005-32. Duncan, S. Goddard, H. (2010). Family life education: Principles and practices for effective outreach. New York, NY: SAGE Publishers. Lamanna, M., Riedmann, A. (2008). Marriages and families: Making choices in a diverse society. New York, Boston: Cengage Learning. Liu, S. Heiland, F. (2012). Should we get married? The effect of parents’ marriage on out-of-wedlock children. Economic Inquiry, 50(1), 17-38. Matheson, J. Rosen, K. (2012). Marriage and family therapy faculty members’ balance of work and personal life. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 38(2), 394-416. Osborne, C., Berger, L. Magnuson, K. (2012). Family structure transitions and changes in maternal resources and well-being. Demography, 49(1), 23-47. Ramisch, J. (2012). Marriage and family therapists working with couples who have children with autism. Journal of Marital Family Therapy, 38(2 ), 305-316. Ramisch, J. (2011). Marriage and family therapists working with couples who have children with autism. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 37(3), 156-180. Strong, B., DeVault, C., Cohen, T. (2010). The marriage and family experience: Intimate relationships in a changing society. New York City, Boston: Cengage Learning. Wood, R., et al., (2012). The effects of building strong families: A healthy marriage and relationship skills education program for unmarried parents. Journal of Policy Analysis Management, 31(2), 228-252. This essay on Marriage and Family: Life Experience was written and submitted by user Angelica Wilkerson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Types of Suture Essay Example

Types of Suture Essay Example Types of Suture Essay Types of Suture Essay Types of Sutures 1) Surgical Sutures 2) Suture Types 1. Absorbable Sutures * Polyglycolic Acid Sutures * Polyglactin 910 Sutures * Catgut Sutures * Poliglecaprone Sutures * Polydioxanone Sutures 2. Non-absorbable Sutures * Polypropylene Sutures * Polyamide / Nylon Sutures * Polyester Sutures * Silk Sutures * Polyvinylidene fluoride / PVDF Sutures * Stainless Steel Sutures Absorbable and non absorbable sutures Sutures can be divided into two types – those which are absorbable and will break down harmlessly in the body over time without intervention, and those which are non-absorbable and must be manually removed if they are not left indefinitely. The type of suture used varies on the operation, with the major criteria being the demands of the location and environment and depends on the discretion and professional experience of the Surgeons. * Sutures to be placed internally would require re-opening if they were to be removed. Sutures which lie on the exterior of the body can be removed within minutes, and without re-opening the wound. As a result, absorbable sutures are often used internally; non-absorbable externally. * Sutures to be placed in a stressful environment, for example the heart (constant pressure and movement) or the bladder (adverse chemical presence) may require specialized or stronger materials to perform their role; usually such sutures are either specially treated, or made of special materials, and are often non-absorbable to reduce the risk of degradation. Absorbable sutures include :- Polyglycolic Acid sutures, Polyglactin 910 , Catgut, Poliglecaprone 25 and Polydioxanone sutures. Non-Absorbable sutures include :- Polypropylene utures, Nylon (poylamide), Polyester, PVDF, silk and stainless steel sutures. Monofilament and Multifilament Sutures Sutures can also be divided into two types on the basis of material structure i. e. monofilament sutures and multifilament or braided sutures. Braided sutures provide better knot security whereas monofilament sutures provide better passage through tissues. In general, Monofilament sutures elicit lower tissue reaction compared to braided sutures. Monofilament sutures include :- Polypropylene sutures, Catgut, Nylon, PVDF, Stainless steel, Poliglecaprone and Polydioxanone sutures. Multifilament or braided sutures include :- PGA sutures, Polyglactin 910, silk and polyester sutures. Synthetic and Natural Sutures Surgical sutures can also be divided into two types on the basis of raw material origin i. e. natural and synthetic sutures. Natural sutures include silk and catgut sutures whereas all other sutures are synthetic in nature. Suture Techniques Running, or Continuous Stitch| The Running stitch is made with one continuous length of suture material. Used to close tissue layers which require close approximation, such as the peritoneum. May also be used in skin or blood vessels. The advantages of the running stitch are speed of execution, and accommodation of edema during the wound healing process. However, there is a greater potential for malapproximation of wound edges than with the interrupted stitch. | | Interrupted Stitch| Each stitch is tied separately. May be used in skin or underlying tissue layers. More exact approximation of wound edges can be achieved with this technique than with the running stitch. | | Mattress Suture| A double stitch that is made parallel (horizontal mattress) or perpendicular (vertical mattress) to the wound edge. Chief advantage of this technique is strength of closure; each stitch penetrates each side of the wound twice, and is inserted deep into the tissue. | | Purse String| A continuous stitch paralleling the edges of a circular wound. The wound edges are inverted when tied. Commonly used to close circular wounds, such as a hernia or an appendiceal stump. | | Smead-Jones/Far-and-Near| A double loop technique alternating near and far stitches. Commonly used for approximating fascial edges. | | Continuous Locking, or Blanket Stitch| A self-locking running stitch used primarily for approximating skin edges. |

Learning Mandarin Chinese

Learning Mandarin Chinese Mandarin Chinese is a difficult language to learn, especially given its unintuitive pronunciations and use of characters rather than an alphabet system. Learning Chinese can be a daunting idea, and often many beginner students dont know where to start. If you are feeling overwhelmed, this guide can give you the basic building blocks of Chinese grammar, introductory vocabulary, and pronunciation tips to help you build a foundation in Chinese. Be sure to click on hyperlinked text to access each lesson. The 4 Mandarin Tones Mandarin Chinese is a tonal language. Meaning, the way a syllable is pronounced in terms of sound and tone changes its meaning. For example, the syllable ma can mean horse, mother, scold, or hemp depending on which tone is used. Mastery of the four  Mandarin tones  is the essential first step to  learning this language. The  four Mandarin tones  are high and level, rising, falling then rising, and falling. You must be able to pronounce  and  understand the Mandarin Tones.   Once you have learned the tones, you can start learning new vocabulary and phrases while learning pinyin Romanization. Reading and writing Chinese characters is the last step. Mandarin Pronunciation Guide There are 37 unique sounds in Mandarin Chinese, which consist of 21 consonants and 16 vowels. Through a myriad of combinations, around 420 different syllables can be produced and are used in the Chinese language.   Lets take the Chinese word for often as an example. The character  Ã¥ ¸ ¸ is pronounced as chng, which is a combination of the sounds ch and ang.   The sound  chart in this guide has audio files of all 37 sounds along with their Pinyin spellings. Pinyin Romanization Pinyin  is a way to write Chinese using the Roman (Western) alphabet. It is the most common of many forms of  Romanization, and is used in most teaching materials particularly for Western students learning Chinese. Pinyin allows beginner  Mandarin  students to read and write Chinese without using Chinese characters. This allows students to concentrate on spoken Mandarin before tackling the formidable task of  learning Chinese characters.   Because pinyin has many pronunciations  which are unintuitive to English speakers, it is necessary to study the pinyin system to avoid pronunciation errors.   Introduction to PinyinPinyin Pronunciation Essential Vocabulary Of course, there is a seemingly endless of vocabulary words to learn. Ease yourself in by starting with some of the most commonly used, everyday Chinese words. In order to refer to people in a conversation, you will need to know Mandarin pronouns. This is the equivalent to terms like I, you, he, she, they, we.  Mandarin words for colors  is also elementary vocabulary that can be easily learned. As you see different colors in your everyday life, try and remember the Chinese word for it.   Understanding Mandarin numbers  is also a good place to start. After you have mastered reading, writing, and pronouncing numbers, learning  calendar terms  (such as days  in  the week and months) and how to  tell time  will be easier.   Conversation Topics As you progress in your mastery of Mandarin, you will be able to have conversations. These lessons will prepare you for conversing about particular topics. All conversations start with a greeting. Learn Mandarin greetings  to be able to say hello or good afternoon! In introducing yourself, common questions might be where are you from? or where do you live? This handy list of  Mandarin names for North American cities  can help you respond. Many social events and get-togethers happen at restaurants. Learning  food vocabulary  and  restaurant vocabulary  can be helpful so that you know what to order or how to ask for help if you need another pair of chopsticks. If you are traveling in a Chinese-speaking country, you may be staying in a hotel or have to deal with banking in terms of withdrawing money, exchanging money, and so on. These  hotel vocabulary  and  banking vocabulary  lessons can be a good addition. Mandarin Grammar Mandarin Chinese grammar is very different from English and other Western languages. The first step is learning basic  Mandarin sentence Structures. For a beginner-level Mandarin student, it is also important to know how to  ask questions in Chinese  because asking questions is the best way to learn about a language and a culture. Particularly helpful questions to know include how do you say X in Chinese? or what does this idiom mean?  Ã‚   An interesting difference between English and Chinese is the use of  Mandarin measure words. For instance, in English one would say a piece of paper or a loaf of bread. In these examples, piece and loaf are measure words for the nouns paper and bread. In Chinese, there are many more measure words. Reading and Writing Chinese Characters Chinese characters  are the hardest part of learning Mandarin. There are over 50,000 Chinese characters, and a dictionary will typically list 20,000 characters. An educated Chinese person will know around 8,000 characters. And to read a newspaper you must learn about 2,000 to read a newspaper. The point is, there are a lot of characters! While the only way to really learn characters is to memorize them, knowing character  radicals  can give you some hints too. Engaging with beginner-level  Chinese text and books  can be a great way to practice. If you want to practice by writing Chinese online, here is how you can  write Chinese characters using Windows XP.

Cost method Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cost method - Research Paper Example It is crucial for managers to comprehend the merits and demerits of the two systems to satisfy the needs of their business operations. The budget presented entails schedules that raise various concerns leading to the recommendation that the company should switch to the activity-based costing system of accounting. The first concern is the quarterly budget that in my opinion requires further subdivision to generate quarters. Mainly, cycling takes place in temperate weather conditions. Buying materials for bicycle production for the start of sales hikes demand therefore, requires the producer to incur a quarter before the demand. Another concern regards accounts that remain uncollectable. The master budget for the company is not specific it its cash budget line. It closely refers to the uncollectable receivables. Variable factors in this context emanate from economic features among them limited sponsorship and thus resulting in wrong accounts (Gazely & Lambert, 2006). From the budget, the company is setting aside a budget for 140 bikes inclusive of labour costs. It is appropriate to cut down on the level of production of extra parts in the inventory. The viability of any business can be measured by how the company effectively utilizes its resources while plummeting unnecessary costs hence Competition Bikes Inc. should strive to avert extra discretionary costs. The method of distributing manufacturing overhead by activity-based costing (ABC) to products is efficient compared to the traditional method of costing. Precisely, activity-based costing assigns the right percentage of resources to particular products. While monitoring and allocating organizational costs to products and objects, activity-based costing remains a more sophisticated and logical method as opposed to the traditional costing system (Bragg, 2001). It is possible to distribute

Product market cyclicality exerts a powerful influence on a car Essay

Product market cyclicality exerts a powerful influence on a car assemblers sales, value added, cash flow and profit performance - Essay Example Not only this it also contains automobile machinery and vehicle-care products, accessories, environment friendly and safety tools, garage and repair equipment, sample and colorant, grease & lubricants, machines deal with gasoline, wheels, and much more. Travelling and transportation of goods farther and faster than before are made possible only by automobile. It has unbolted wide scope and market for commerce and trade. The automobile industry directly influences the economies and wealth of many countries around the world. The manufacture of automobile uses great quantities of iron, steel, aluminum, and natural rubber. Moreover several other industries such as energy, security, assurance, roadway design and civil productions support the automobile industry. All these industries are cyclical businesses. The business environment is improving nowadays. As requirement increases, revenues go up and similarly with this, the companies come across it worth their time and money to practice capacity building plans. The Product market is one in which products are sold to companies instead of to customers. The product market comprises of items like raw materials, machines, and tools and is concerned with acquisition by company for their own use which may consecutively be used to produce items for the customer market. Cyclical is something that happens periodically, i.e. on a regular basis. Cyclicality is a very common frequent subject matter in the field of investment. Cyclicality is something that many small business owners may face. Stocks cyclicality generally means that stocks follow the common macroeconomic circumstances. A cyclical stock is one that characteristically implements fine when the economy is excellent and performs badly when the economy is fragile. Cyclicality is defined in a dictionary as â€Å"of or denoting a business or stock whose income, value, or earnings fluctuate widely according to variations in the economy or the cycle of the seasons† So far small business holders can only take action in order to reduce cyclicality and strengthen their income streams. A business can be moved into black by becoming creative, flexible, and open to new challenges. A business holder can take charge and make sure her firm's success by presenting new services, promoting skillfully, o r practicing new personal speculations. The automobile industry is a powerfully cyclical industry. For the macro-economy, its performance is frequently a lead indicator. It is very perceptive to causes, for instance product raw material input pricing (metals, plastic, glass etc), interest rates (most sales are economized, and the automobile businesses has high operational resources requirements), energy pricing, etc. As the industry goes down, the value-chain also goes downward with it. The automotive market is extremely cyclical. It depends on customer expenditures mainly and to a certain extent on purchaser sales inducements. The consumer demand for automobiles and automotive production is unfavorably affected by economic factors, for instance rising fuel costs. This could also adversely influence our overall sales and overall revenues. If automotive sales and production is declined; it would cause a possible decline in sales to vehicle manufacturers, and the result of this situat ion is a decline in results of operations and economic condition and hence in business. In the past, due to modification in common financial conditions and customer inclination, the automotive industry has been illustrated by periodic

Domestic Violence Amd Women :: Violence Against Women Essays

Domestic violence is a terrible problem that we all must face, not only the people who are victims. We need to stop this before the problem develops into anything bigger than it already is. The battered woman, it has been said, lives in a world of terror and her home is her prison (Berger, 1990, pg. 35). For many hundreds of years people weren't worried about domestic violence. In fact, a popular family journal, the Journal of Marriage and Family, did not include a single article on domestic from 1932 to 1969 (Berger, 1990, pg. 27). Suddenly, more women came out and told of the abuse they had once suffered. Researchers report that 1.8-2.9 million women are battered yearly. Not only do the victims suffer physical pain, but they also have to deal with emotional and psychological pain. The victim may have to face reoccurring nightmares, and may never want to trust another man. Much too frequently, the victim blames themselves. The typical response of an abused/battered woman is, "I provoked him . . . I was being a bad wife, mother, and housekeeper," (Peled, 1995, pg. 141). The very sad part about the violence, beside the physical and emotional stress, is that most likely they know the offender or abuser. So, why, why would a person who is loved, want to abuse their spouse or girlfriend? One of the key responses . . . Jealousy. The husband may become very suspicious, afraid of losing his wife. The abuser sees his wife or girlfriend as a possession. The only way, they think, to relieve this built up anger is aggression. To improve their self-esteem, they abuse the victim physically, emotionally, and sometimes, sexually. Another key factor in wife abuse is alcohol. When the man is stressed, he turns to alcohol to relieve it. Little does he know, that the alcohol makes him more irritable. "He started really drinking excessively and that is when the abuse started. He had been drinking . . . I sat down to read the paper and he wanted his supper . . . he kicked the cat to the ceiling . . . he started slapping my face with both hands," (Berger, 1990, pg. 42). Research shows that men who abuse their wives, often saw their own mother abused. Do to witnessing this, the children of battered families usually grow up to have low self-esteem and believe that hitting is right.

India: the Unfortunate Correlation Between Poverty and Environmental Issues

India: The Unfortunate Correlation Between Poverty and Environmental Issues India makes up 2. 4 percent of the world’s land, while supporting an increasing 18 percent of the world population (D. Nagdeve, 2006). India is considered to be one of the major developing countries, continuously growing its reputation in the global economy. However, since the Independence of India, the issue of poverty has remained a vital concern. As of last year, more than 37% of India’s population, of a totaled 1. 35 billion people, are still living below the poverty line (Economy Watch, 2010). Although there are individuals and corporations in upper-class India that are growing prosperous, there is an unfairness to those living in severe poverty suffering the environmental damage that country leaders are dismissing. As those living in poverty put pressure against the environment and vice versa; there is an evident strong correlation between poverty and environmental issues. The astounding increase in population is one of the main reasons for poverty and environmental struggles in India, along with the neglect for efficient pollution controls, and unequal distribution of farmland (B. Ruck, 2006). The high death rates in India due to unfortunate diseases, lack of health care and security in old age, leads to Indians having more children (B. Ruck, 2006). More than half of the world’s malnourished and under-weight children are located in South Asia. In these South Asian countries there is a double burden of disease and poverty, creating an endless vicious circle of high disease levels, low productivity and high poverty and death rates. An example, of a terrible disease very present in India is malaria as it is one of the most prevalent public health problems that the country is facing perennially (V. Sharma, 2003). Poverty and malaria responsively are two interwoven elements as this disease is predominantly the disease of the poor. The real poor cannot afford private treatment and therefore must resort to self-medication, usually by the usage of traditional medications, at their own peril (V. Sharma, 2003). For a country boasting about its growth rate, the fact that 53% of children in India under the age of five years live without basic healthcare facilities is shameful. This adds up to 67 million Indian children living in a risk of survival for their first few years. Poor children are three times more likely to die before their fifth irthday, while over 1 million children in India die in their first month of life annually (K. Sinha, 2008). These saddening statistics just verify that India’s health care system is doing little to nothing to care for India’s poor population. India’s high death rates, specifically for those living in poverty without health care access, leads t o families trying to conceive as many children possible in hopes of more survival. For these health reasons and cultural reasons there are many large families across India. The growth in population is resulting in an increased pressure on natural resources, from water to forests (WWF, 2003). Environmentalists worldwide, especially from richer nations, have raised concerns about the increasing populations placing excessive strains on the world’s scarce resources (A. Shah, 2005). A recent article from The Economist explains that India’s rapid industrialization, is a troublesome thought for residents, specifically those living in poverty. By the year 2020, according to the World Bank, India’s water, air, soil and forest resources will be under more human pressure than those of any other country (The Economist, 2008). Rapid population growth and poverty in a country, in this case India, is adversely affecting the environment in a devastating manner. Recently, the global population reached 7 billion human beings, all with rising levels of consumption per capita, quickly depleting natural resources and degrading the environment (A. Shah, 2005). In India, the increase of population combines with the distressed poverty to create an immense pressure on all of the country’s natural resources (D. Nagdeve, 2006). India’s economy is in high gear, leaving an immense and unfortunate trail of pollution, severely impacting not only India, but also the rest of the world (WWF, 2003). There are various types of pollution that affect India’s environment including sound pollution, waste and water pollution, and air pollution. Unwanted sounds from the natural environment; wind, volcanoes, oceans, and animal sounds, are more tolerable than man-made noises from machines, automobiles, trains, planes, explosives and firecrackers. Mumbai is rated the third noisiest city in the world, with New Delhi following closely behind. It is now increasingly understood that pollution from noise is an important component of air pollution. Noise not only causes irritation and annoyance but also constricts the arteries, and increases the flow of adrenaline forcing the heart to work faster. Continuous noise causes an increase in the cholesterol level resulting in permanent constriction of blood vessels, making humans more prone to heart attacks and strokes (P. Mitra, 2007). Perceptibly, the effects of water pollution are not only devastating to people but also to animals, fish and birds as the water is unsuitable for drinking, recreation, and the agricultural industry. Waste and water pollution diminishes the aesthetic quality of lakes and rivers while contaminating aquatic life, reducing reproductive ability (P. Mitra, 2007). Moving up the food chain, the hazard continues to negatively affect human health, supporting the notion that it is greatly challenging to escape the effects of water pollution. It is evident that there is an issue of air and water pollution in many Indian states, including Delhi. With the disturbing gray skies, Delhi’s air has been considered deadly to breathe. A third of Delhi residents are affected with chronic breathing ailments while one out of six children suffer lead induced mental retardation (South Asian Voice, 2000). The poor are first to suffer the effects of air and water pollution. The rich can minimize their exposure to the air-borne toxics by driving air-conditioned cars while those with lower incomes must travel by feet, bicycles or public transit, unfortunately finding themselves in a situation where they cannot escape the detrimental effects. In previous instances the Supreme Court ruled that certain polluting industries should be relocated out of Delhi into less well-known places like Ghaziabad, Meerut or Rohtak (South Asian Voice, 2000). This proposes that the healths of those who reside in more poverty are less important than those in the nation’s capital. The 2011 survey taken by the Pew Research Centre, presented results that 79% of Indians distinctly considered pollution a â€Å"very big problem† (The Economist, 2008). Of the Indian rural population, more than 22% live in settings with existing physical and financial predicaments in addition to the 15% living in poverty within urban India (Economy Watch, 2010). Throughout the world, including India, the poorest people are increasingly clustered in remote and ecologically fragile areas (B. Ruck, 2006). Agriculture contributes to 21% of India’s Gross Domestic Product; its importance within the country’s economic, social, and political standards are highly significant (World Bank Group, 2011). The rural population in India depends on agriculture where the weather phenomenon plays a major role on the rural economy. In the past years there have been severe droughts, affecting the economy as crops were destroyed being an identifiable catastrophe for may cultivators. In many states of India including Assam, West Bengal, Bihar and Orissa there are annual floods, which also hamper the growth of crops and farmlands (D. Talukdar, 2010). In rural districts, the best land tends to be taken over by the wealthiest of farmers, who can afford modern technology to maintain and grow crops on the larger areas of land. This inopportunely leaves poor people pressured to occupy and exploit more fragile lands including hillsides, forests and arid areas (D. Pimentel et al, 2004). It is an identifiable struggle to grow decent crops on these marginal areas of land, resulting in increased poverty for those already suffering financially while creating an augmented pressure on over-exploited lands (B. Ruck, 2006). About half of India’s land is affected by soil erosion meaning that India’s soil is naturally removed by the action of water or wind roughly at the same rate as soil is formed. The country proceeds with irrigation, bringing water to the land in a variety of artificial means, which is leading to desertification of once fertile land. A result of desertification is deforestation; taking a toll of 400 million people who depend on non-timber produce (V. Sharma, 2003). Further actions which should be implemented powerfully into India’s lifestyles is improving supplies of clean water; to reduce time spent gathering unclean water while also reducing the illnesses caused by these foul water supplies (World Poverty, 2011). By improving the supply of accessible, affordable health care information and services, the country can reduce the vulnerability of diseases within poverty stricken areas while also improving the state of India’s natural environment. Furthermore, improving the training and equipment of farmers would be beneficial to those living in India, as this would help increase crop yields and conserve the environment (World Poverty, 2011). Poverty can be recognized as both the cause and effect of environment degradation. As India’s population and economy continues to substantially grow, the country’s need to find effective solutions becomes significantly more urgent each day. The strong correlation between poverty and environmental issues is expanding as both continue to put pressure against each other. The aspirations of more than one billion people; suffering through poverty and environmental struggles, must be recognized and relieved. References â€Å"Agriculture – India: Priorities for Agriculture and Rural Development. † World Bank Group. N. p. , n. d. Web. 1 Nov. 2011. . Bass, Stephen. Reducing poverty and sustaining the environment the politics of local engagement. London, Sterling, VA: Earthscan, 2005. Print. 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